The Four Types of Sentence

Letter 1

Explanation

1.  Simple Sentences 
Contains 1 independent clause (IC).
One IC:
We hope to have a cordial relationship between the two companies.


2. Compound Sentence
Contains 2 IC and connected by coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS).
First IC:
We are satisfied with all the details mention in the proposal
Coord. conjunction:
, and
Second IC:
we would like to offer the contract for one year.


3.  Complex Sentence
Contains 1 IC and 1 dependent clause (DC). DC begin with subordinating conjunction.
Subordinating conj. + One DC:
As + you have mentioned,
One IC:
we shall stick to the offer price specified in the proposal.


4. Compound-Complex Sentence
Contains 2 IC and 1 DC at least. connected by coordinating conj. & subordinating conj.
One DC:
We are pleased to inform you that in the meeting of the board of directors on 5th September,
First IC:
we have chosen your proposal to provide internet services to our company in the coming financial year
Coord. conjunction:
, and
Second IC:
we would like to know about the upcoming services next year.

Letter 2

Explanation

1.  Simple Sentences 
Contains 1 independent clause (IC).
One IC:
I have five years of experience working as a Marketing Strategist for one of our local retail clothing stores.


2. Compound Sentence
Contains 2 IC and connected by coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS).
First IC:
I recently read an article about United International’s new approach to digital marketing in Marketing Magazine Online
Coord. conjunction:
, and
Second IC:
I’m writing to inquire whether you have any marketing positions open.


3.  Complex Sentence
Contains 1 IC and 1 dependent clause (DC). DC begin with subordinating conjunction.
Subordinating conj. + One DC:
In addition of that,
One IC:
our sales increased by 50 percent during that time.


4. Compound-Complex Sentence
Contains 2 IC and 1 DC at least. connected by coordinating conj. & subordinating conj.
One DC:
that I got during the time I was in this role.
First IC:
My resume is enclosed with this letter
Coord. conjunction:
, so
Second IC:
you can review my education, work experience, and also my achievements 

Letter sources:
https://www.letters.org/business-letter/sample-business-letter.html
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/letter-of-interest-tips-and-samples-2059708
*letters are modified

Post T. Etika Penggunaan Internet

Post T. Etika Penggunaan Internet

1. Jelaskan mengapa etika harus digunakan dalam menggunakan internet?

Tentu penggunaan internet harus didasari dengan etika karena tanpa disadari, penggunaan internet dapat berhubungan dan berpengaruh pada orang lain. Internet hanya merupakan "jembatan" saja dalam memenuhi kebutuhan kita dan esensinya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut pasti terlibat interaksi dengan orang lain. Oleh karena itu, etika dalam berinternet tentu diperlukan dan dijaga sebagaimana kita menjaga etika ketika berinteraksi secara langsung dengan orang lain.


2. Sebutkan gangguan-gangguan apa saja yang dapat muncul dari penggunaan internet!


1. Pencurian dan perusakan data pada komputer melalui virus
2. Hacker
3. Penipuan
4. Beredarnya informasi-informasi palsu yang digunakan untuk mencemarkan nama baik seseorang atau lembaga


3. Berikan contoh dan jelaskan bila etika dalam menggunakan internet tidak digunakan!

Hal yang terjadi bila etika tidak digunakan dalam menggunakan internet tidak jauh berbeda bila seseorang tidak menggunakan etika dalam interaksi secara langsung dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yaitu menimbulkan keresahan dan mungkin akan berujung pada tindak pidana. Sebagai contoh, bila seseorang terus menyebarkan informasi-informasi palsu di internet maka, bisa jadi informasi palsu yang disebarkan akan membuat resah masyarakat bahkan dapat menimbulkan korban bila seseorang yang membaca informasi tersebut kurang riset untuk memeriksa kebenaran dari informasi tersebut.

Pre T. Etika Penggunaan Internet

Pre T. Etika Penggunaan Internet

1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan internet?

Internet merupakan singkatan dari Interconnecting Network yang berarti suatu jaringan yang terhubung dan dapat diakses oleh berbagai seluruh komputer yang ada di dunia tanpa dibatasi oleh jumlah tertentu.


2. Bidang apa saja yang dapat diakses dengan menggunakan internet?

Hampir seluruh bidang dapat diakses oleh semua orang menggunakan internet bahkan, hal yang illegal sekalipun dapat banyak ditemukan di internet seperti distribusi software bajakan, film bajakan, serta perjudian. Namun sebagai contoh, bidang yang dapat diakses pada internet secara legal diantaranya adalah layanan e-commerce (ex: Bukalapak, Tokopedia, atau Lazada).


3. Sebutkan keuntungan dan kerugian dari internet?

Segala sesuatu pasti terdapat untung-ruginya. Berikut merupakan keuntungan serta kerugian yang didapat bila menggunakan internet:

Keuntungan:
1. Dapat mencari informasi sebanyak-banyaknya
2. Mempermudah seseorang untuk belajar hal baru
3. Mempermudah transaksi jual-beli

Kerugian:
1. Informasi belum tentu relevan dan akurat karena biasanya seseorang hanya me-repost tanpa tahu kebenaran sebuah informasi yang didapat
2. Dengan sifat internet yang sangat"bebas" dan terbuka, tidak menutup kemungkinan internet dapat meninggikan tingkat kejahatan seperti penipuan atau blackmail
3. Terhubung dengan nomor 2, data pada komputer dapat dicuri atau dirusak melalui virus atau malware yang menempel pada sebuah file yang kita download tanpa disadari.

The Pattern of 16 Tenses in English (Passive)

1. Simple Present

1.1. Simple Present Tense
Condition: S + to be (is, am, are) + V3+ by + O 
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa are negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa aren’t negotiated by MAERSK corp.
( ? ) Is the goods from Africa negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
     Yes. 

1.2. Simple Present Continuous 
Condition: S + to be (is, am, are) + being + V3 + by + O. 
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa are being negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa aren’t being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Are the goods from Africa being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
     Yes. 

1.3. Simple Present Perfect  
Condition: S + has/have + been + V3 + by + O. 
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa have been negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa haven’t been negotiated by MAERSK corp.
( ? ) Have the goods from Africa been negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
   Yes, it has been negotiated. 

1.4. Simple Present Perfect Continuous  
Condition: S + has/have + been + being + V3+ by + O.
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa have been being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
(—) The goods from Africa haven’t been being negotiated by MAERSK corp.
( ? ) Have the goods from Africa been being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ?
   Yes.

2. Simple Past

2.1. Simple Past Tense
Condition: S + to be (was/were) + V3+ by + O. 
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa were negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa weren’t negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Were the goods from Africa negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
    Yes. 

2.2. Simple Past Continuous 
Condition: S + to be (was/were) + being + V3 + by + O. 
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa were being negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa weren’t being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Were the goods from Africa being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ?
     Yes. 

2.3. Simple Past Perfect  
Condition: S + had + been + V3 + by + O. 
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa had been negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa had not been negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Had the goods from Africa been negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
    Yes, the goods already negotiated by them.

2.4. Simple Past Perfect Continuous  
Condition: S + had + been + being + V3+ by + O. 
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa had been being negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa had not been being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Had the goods from Africa been being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
    Yes. 

3. Simple Future 

3.1. Simple Future Tense 
Condition: S + will/shall + be + V3 + by + O. 
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa will be negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
(—) The goods from Africa will not be negotiated by MAERSK corp.
( ? ) Will the goods from Africa be negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
   Yes, the goods will be negotiated by them. 

3.2. Simple Future Continuous  
Condition: S + will/shall + be + being +V3+ by + O.
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa will be being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
(—) The goods from Africa will not be being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Will the goods from Africa be being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ?
  Yes.

3.3. Simple Future Perfect  
Condition: S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + by + O. 
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa will have been negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa will not have been negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Will the goods from Africa have been negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
   Yes. 

3.4. Simple Future Perfect Continuous  
Condition: S + will/shall + have + been + being + V3+ by + O. 
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa will have been being negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa will not have been being negotiated by MAERSK corp.
( ? ) Will the goods from Africa have been being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
   Yes. 

4. Simple Past Future 

4.1. Simple Past Future Tense 
Condition: S + would + be + V3 + by + O. 
ex: 
(+) The goods from Africa would be negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
(—) The goods from Africa would not be negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Would the goods from Africa be negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
    Yes, the goods would be negotiated by them. 

4.2. Simple Past Future Continuous 
Condition: S + would + be + being + V3+ by + O. 
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa would be being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
(—) The goods from Africa would not be being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Would the goods from Africa be being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
   Yes.

4.3. Simple Past Future Perfect  
Condition: S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O. 
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa would have been negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa would not have been negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Would the goods from Africa have been negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
   Yes.

4.4. Simple Past Future Per. Con. 
Condition: S + would + have + been + being + V3+ by + O.
ex:
(+) The goods from Africa would have been being negotiated by MAERSK corp.
(—) The goods from Africa would not have been being negotiated by MAERSK corp. 
( ? ) Would the goods from Africa have been being negotiated by MAERSK corp. ? 
   Yes.

The Pattern of 16 Tenses in English

1. Simple Present

  
1.1. Simple Present Tense 
Condition: S + V1 (-s/es) + O. 
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. negotiates goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. don’t negotiate goods from Africa. 
(?) Does MAERSK corp. negotiate goods from Africa? 
Yes, they do. 

1.2. Simple Present Continuous  
Condition: S + to be (is, am, are) + V1+ ing + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. are negotiating goods from Africa. 
(-) MAERSK corp. are not negotiating goods from Africa. 
(?) Is MAERSK corp. negotiating goods from Africa? 
Yes, they are. 

1.3. Simple Present Perfect  
Condition: S + has/have + V3 + O. 
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. have negotiated goods from Africa. 
(-) MAERSK corp. haven’t negotiated goods from Africa. 
(?) Have MAERSK corp. negotiated the goods from Africa? 
Yes, they already negotiated it. 

1.4. Simple Present Perfect Continuous  
Condition: S + has/have + been + V1+ ing + O.
ex: 
(+) MAERSK corp. have been negotiating goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. haven’t been negotiating goods from Africa.
(?) Have MAERSK corp. been negotiating goods from Africa? 
Yes, they have.

2. Simple Past 

2.1. Simple Past Tense
Condition: S + V2 + O. 
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. negotiated goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. didn’t negotiate goods from Africa. 
(?) Did MAERSK corp. negotiate goods from Africa?
 Yes, they did.


2.2. Simple Past Continuous  
Condition: S + to be (was/were) + V1+ ing + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. were negotiating goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. weren’t negotiating goods from Africa. 
(?) Were MAERSK corp. negotiating goods from Africa? 
Yes, they were. 

2.3. Simple Past Perfect  
Condition: S + had + V3 + O. 
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. had negotiated goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. had not negotiated goods from Africa. 
(?) Had MAERSK corp. negotiated the goods from Africa?
 Yes, they already had negotiated it. 

2.4. Simple Past Perfect Continuous  
Condition: S + had + been + V1+ ing + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. had been negotiating goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. had not been negotiating goods from Africa. 
(?) Had MAERSK corp. been negotiating goods from Africa? 
Yes, they had.

3. Simple Future 

3.1. Simple Future Tense
Condition: S + will/shall + V1 + O. 
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. will negotiate goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. will not negotiate goods from Africa. 
(?) Will MAERSK corp. negotiate goods from Africa? 
Yes, they will.

3.2. Simple Future Continuous 
Condition: S + will/shall + be + V1+ ing + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. will be negotiating goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. will not be negotiating goods from Africa.
(?) Will MAERSK corp. be negotiating goods from Africa?
 Yes, they will be negotiating goods from Africa.

3.3. Simple Future Perfect 
Condition: S + will/shall + have + V3 + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. will have negotiated goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. will not have negotiated goods from Africa. 
(?) Will MAERSK corp. have negotiated the goods from Africa? 
Yes, they will.

3.4. Simple Future Perfect Continuous 
Condition: S + will/shall + have + been + V1+ ing + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. will have been negotiating goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. will not have been negotiating goods from Africa. 
(?) Will MAERSK corp. have been negotiating goods from Africa? 
Yes.

4. Simple Past Future

4.1. Simple Past Future Tense 
Condition: S + would + V1 + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. would negotiate goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. would not negotiate goods from Africa.
(?) Would MAERSK corp. negotiate goods from Africa? 
Yes, they would.

4.2. Simple Past Future Continuous 
Condition: S + would + be + V1+ ing + O. 
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. would be negotiating goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. would not be negotiating goods from Africa. 
(?) Would MAERSK corp. be negotiating goods from Africa? 
Yes, they are. 

4.3. Simple Past Future Perfect  
Condition: S + would + have + V3 + O. 
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. would have negotiated goods from Africa. 
(-) MAERSK corp. wouldn’t have negotiated goods from Africa. 
(?) Would MAERSK corp. have negotiated the goods from Africa?
 Yes.

4.4. Simple Past Future Per. Con. 
Condition: S + would + have + been + V1+ ing + O.
ex:
(+) MAERSK corp. would have been negotiating goods from Africa.
(-) MAERSK corp. wouldn’t have been negotiating goods from Africa. 
(?) Would MAERSK corp. have been negotiating goods from Africa?
 Yes, they have.

AUDIT PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)

AUDIT PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)

1. Objek Audit & Tujuan

Objek yang dijadikan sebagai bahan audit yaitu PC-Desktop dari Qaddafi. Hal ini dikarenakan PC yang digunakan sudah mulai terasa lamban dan mungkin ada beberapa komponen yang secara tidak sengaja terhapus atau beberapa fungsi computer yang tidak berjalan dengan semestinya. Oleh karena itu dilakukan kegiatan audit pada computer ini untuk mengetahui kelemahannya serta solusi dalam mengtasi masalah tersebut.

2. Instrumen Audit

Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengaudit computer ini adalah Belarc Advisor. Belarc Advisor merupakan software audit yang dikhususkan untuk personal PC. Belarc Advisor dapat di-download secara gratis namun, hanya boleh digunakan untuk keperluan personal bukan komersil (licensed for personal use). Terdapat produk lain dari Belarc yang dapat digunakan untuk keperluan enterprise atau government seperti BelManage, Data Analytics (Add-on untuk BelManage), dan BelSecure.

3. Proses Audit pada PC

Melakukan audit dengan software ini cukup simple, user hanya perlu membuka Belarc Advisor yang telah di-install pada PC yang akan dilakukan audit, kemudian Belarc Advisor akan melakukan proses scanning terhadap PC tersebut. Bila scanning telah selesai, akan muncul report yang diberikan oleh Belarc Advisor. Report ini berekstensi .bci yang dapat dibuka melalui browser seperti Chrome. Berikut tampilan potongan report yang diberikan oleh Belarc Advisor:

Pertama, Belarc Advisor akan memberikan informasi umum tentang PC yang di audit, mulai dari sistem operasi sampai device yang pernah atau terkoneksi dengan PC tersebut. Berikut ini tampilan dari sebagian report tersebut:

Bedasarkan report diatas, PC desktop ini memiliki sistem operasi Windows 7 Ultimate versi 64-bit dengan spesifikasi hardware:

1. Prosesor, Intel Core i5-3570
2. Memory, sebesar 12 GB terdiri dari 2 slot yaitu Channel-A sebesar 4 GB & Channel-B sebesar 8 GB
3. Hard Drive, sebesar 2 TB dengan dibagi menjadi 4 partisi yaitu C, D, E, F. Disini diketahui bahwa HDD yang digunakan sehat serta sistem operasi terinstalasi di direktori yang seharusnya yaitu di C.
4. User, pada PC ini hanya terdapat satu user yaitu Qaddafi yang berlaku sekaligus admin
5. Printers, PC pernah terhubung dengan satu printer secara fisik yaitu Canon iP2700 series dan beberapa printer virtual untuk mencetak .pdf ke direktori My Document.

Berikut merupakan potongan report dari report sebelumnya:

Disini diketahui bahwa display card pada PC adalah Nvidia GT 630 dengan monitor Toshiba 19 inch. Juga terdapat media penyalur suara dengan driver dari Nvidia serta Realtek. Alat komunikasi yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan ke internet yaitu Realtek Wireless. Antivirus yang digunakan pada PC ini yaitu Avast dan antivirus ini sudah dalam keadaan up to date. Serta hal lain-lain yang terdapat pada PC ini seperti terhubungnya hardware lain seperti keyboard & mouse, media terakhir yang masuk melalui port USB pada PC ini, serta Virtual Machine yang terdapat pada PC ini (Linux). Pada awal report, terdapat box informasi yang mengatakan bahwa terdapat kekurangan pada security updates sebanyak 12 updates, diantaranya adalah:

Pada kumpulan update di atas, ada beberapa update yang selalu gagal apabila dilakukan instalasi sebagai contoh Adobe Air. Juga, pada awal report terdapat Security Benchmark Score yang bertujuan untuk menilai sistem keamanan pada PC dari skala 0 sampai 10. Namun, PC ini hanya mendapat nilai 0.63 yang berarti PC ini masih sangat rentan terhadap serangan dari luar. Berikut potongan tampilan dari report tersebut:

Pada report Belarc Advisor juga memberikan informasi tentang software yang jarang digunakan. Berikut potongan report sebagai contoh:

Pada tampilan di atas, report ini dilengkapi dengan keterangan berapa lama sebuah software tidak digunakan dengan memberikan tanda garis merah. Semakin banyak garis merah tersebut menandakan sebuah software sangat jarang digunakan.

4. Rekomendasi dari Hasil Audit

Disini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa PC dari Qaddafi masih terbilang lemah dan rentan terhadap serangan dari luar. Mungkin ini (serangan dari luar yang tidak terdeteksi oleh Avast) yang menyebabkan PC tersebut beroperasi dengan lamban atau beberapa software yang menghambat performa pada PC tersebut karena PC tersebut juga memiliki banyak software yang jarang digunakan. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan dari hasil audit adalah:

1. Menigkatkan keamanan pada PC dengan mengikuti prosedur-prosedur standar seperti meng-update Windows secara berkala.
2. Menghapus software yang sudah lagi tidak digunakan agar software tersebut tidak memakan space pada HDD serta memakan performa dengan bekerja secara background